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Sources.

Every rule in this kit comes from these official sources. We store a copy of each and check every quoted phrase against it.

  1. Compliance program requirements: FINTRAC’s compliance guidance. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/compliance-conformite/Guide4/4-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 2131f5837a2f…)
  2. FINTRAC assessment manual: The approach and methods used during examinations. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/exam-examen/cam/cams-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 f51b2dbe614a…)
  3. Compliance examinations. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/exam-examen/1-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 624c48ab181b…)
  4. Who must report to FINTRAC. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/reporting-declaration/info/re-ed-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 3047677a6ea5…)
  5. Real estate brokers or sales representatives, and real estate developers. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/re-ed/real-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 11cd02542a69…)
  6. Accountants. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/re-ed/accts-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 ac9cf99f04df…)
  7. Dealers in precious metals and precious stones. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/re-ed/dpms-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 743434e10285…)
  8. Money services businesses: FINTRAC’s requirements. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/msb-esm/msb-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 e33f9c161318…)
  9. Record keeping requirements for real estate. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/recordkeeping-document/record/real-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 dfea2423591a…)
  10. Record keeping requirements for accountants. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/recordkeeping-document/record/acc-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 2171ae7817c2…)
  11. Record keeping requirements for dealers in precious metals and precious stones. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/recordkeeping-document/record/dpms-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 1dfb5840fd10…)
  12. Record keeping requirements for money services businesses and foreign money services businesses. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/recordkeeping-document/record/msb-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 733677f16816…)
  13. Risk assessment guidance. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/compliance-conformite/rba/rba-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 3a0ed2434b5c…)
  14. Reporting suspicious transactions to FINTRAC. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/transaction-operation/str-dod/str-dod-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 faa8cff427be…)
  15. Money laundering and terrorist financing indicators: real estate brokers and sales representatives, and real estate developers. Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), fintrac-canafe.canada.ca. https://fintrac-canafe.canada.ca/guidance-directives/transaction-operation/indicators-indicateurs/real_mltf-eng (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 cbbba529cb12…)
  16. Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre and partners assist in $3.5M recovery linked to sophisticated payment redirection fraud (news release, 13 May 2026). Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC), antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca. https://antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca/news-nouvelles/2026/2026-05-13-eng.htm (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 f57bdb21c918…)
  17. Spear phishing. Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC), antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca. https://antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca/scams-fraudes/spear-phishing-harponnage-eng.htm (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 4984a69a0d32…)
  18. Bulletin: Fraud using Deepfakes. Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC), antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca. https://antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca/features-vedette/2024/07/bulletin-deepfakes-hypertrucage-eng.htm (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 54791bfebde2…)
  19. Identity fraud. Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC), antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca. https://antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca/features-vedette/2024/10/identity-fraud-fraude-identite-eng.htm (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 844ec2052bc2…)
  20. Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre Impersonation. Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC), antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca. https://antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca/features-vedette/2026/07/impersonation-arnaqueurs-eng.htm (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 ecd3d9685827…)
  21. Report fraud and cybercrime. Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC), antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca. https://antifraudcentre-centreantifraude.ca/report-signalez-eng.htm (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 8077cbc2861c…)
  22. Protect your small business from invoice email scams (16 Aug 2016). Scamwatch (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission). https://www.scamwatch.gov.au/about-us/news-and-alerts/protect-your-small-business-from-invoice-email-scams (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 52ed3a5a4ee2…)
  23. How scammers use technology and AI. Scamwatch (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission). https://www.scamwatch.gov.au/stop-check-protect/help-to-spot-and-avoid-scams/how-scammers-use-technology-and-ai (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 a5312102ac84…)
  24. Recover from business email compromise (8 Sep 2026). Australian Signals Directorate, cyber.gov.au. https://www.cyber.gov.au/guidance/recover-from-business-email-compromise (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 ec3d93b13ef3…)
  25. Protecting against business email compromise. Australian Signals Directorate, cyber.gov.au. https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/protecting-devices-systems/hardening-systems-applications/email-hardening/protecting-against-business-email-compromise (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 6f0de95cdcce…)
  26. Learn about phishing scams. Australian Signals Directorate, cyber.gov.au. https://www.cyber.gov.au/guidance/learn-about-phishing-scams (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 cd2a70740cbb…)
  27. Criminals Use Generative Artificial Intelligence to Facilitate Financial Fraud (I-120324-PSA, 3 Dec 2024). FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). https://www.ic3.gov/PSA/2024/PSA241203 (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 5f652fda93b8…)
  28. Senior US Officials Impersonated in Malicious Messaging Campaign (public service announcement, 15 May 2025). FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). https://www.ic3.gov/PSA/2025/PSA250515 (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 d7af19215c73…)
  29. 2025 IC3 Annual Report. FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). https://www.ic3.gov/AnnualReport/Reports/2025_IC3Report.pdf (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 7d1fe4532376…)
  30. FBI Warns of Scammers Impersonating the IC3 (I-072026-PSA, 20 Jul 2026). FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). https://www.ic3.gov/PSA/2026/PSA260720 (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 e352c7315515…)
  31. How To Avoid a Scam. US Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Advice. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/how-avoid-scam (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 eb66f787ba27…)
  32. Scammers use AI to enhance their family emergency schemes (March 2023). US Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Advice. https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2023/03/scammers-use-ai-enhance-their-family-emergency-schemes (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 53ae7928777d…)
  33. Phishing attacks: defending your organisation. UK National Cyber Security Centre. https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/phishing (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 9ab741811dfd…)
  34. The near-term impact of AI on the cyber threat. UK National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC Assessment). https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/impact-of-ai-on-cyber-threat (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 da8e2361bf21…)
  35. Facing reality? Law enforcement and the challenge of deepfakes. Europol Innovation Lab. https://www.europol.europa.eu/cms/sites/default/files/documents/Europol_Innovation_Lab_Facing_Reality_Law_Enforcement_And_The_Challenge_Of_Deepfakes.pdf (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 1e48071951f5…)
  36. FinCEN Alert FIN-2024-Alert004: Fraud Schemes Involving Deepfake Media Targeting Financial Institutions (13 Nov 2024). US Treasury, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). https://www.fincen.gov/system/files/shared/FinCEN-Alert-DeepFakes-Alert508FINAL.pdf (captured 2026-11-02, SHA-256 5e02f6647ee0…)